说明：本资料默认 IELTS Academic，目标总分 6.5 到 7.0。所有练习均为原创仿真材料，不搬官方原题和原文。用途是训练同类题型、同义替换、定位、表达和评分标准意识。

考试结构速记：

Listening：约 30 分钟，4 段录音，40 题。题型常见为填空、选择、匹配、地图、表格、流程图。
Academic Reading：60 分钟，3 篇文章，40 题。题型包括判断、标题匹配、信息匹配、人物观点匹配、句子配对、摘要填空、图表填空、选择、简答等。
Academic Writing：60 分钟。Task 1 至少 150 词，约 20 分钟；Task 2 至少 250 词，约 40 分钟，Task 2 权重更大。
Speaking：11 到 14 分钟，Part 1 日常问答，Part 2 话题卡，Part 3 抽象讨论。

6.5 分核心目标：

听力阅读：不要追求每题都懂，重点是定位、同义替换、拼写和时间控制。
写作：回应题目清楚，段落结构清楚，词汇够准确，复杂句少错。
口语：能连续说，能扩展，词汇自然，语法错误不影响理解，发音清楚。

评分标准中文化拆解

Writing Task 1 四项

Task Achievement：有没有回答图表任务，是否有清楚 overview，是否选择关键数据，不是机械列数字。
Coherence and Cohesion：段落是否清楚，比较和转折是否自然，连接词不过度堆砌。
Lexical Resource：是否能准确描述上升、下降、波动、占比、超过、相似、差异。
Grammatical Range and Accuracy：是否能用比较句、从句、被动、分词结构，同时错误不妨碍理解。

Task 1 6.5 分写法：四段式最稳。

第一段改写题目；第二段 overview 写 2 个最大趋势或总体特征；第三段写主要数据 1；第四段写主要数据 2。

Writing Task 2 四项

Task Response：有没有回应所有问题，立场是否明确，论证是否展开。
Coherence and Cohesion：是否一段一个中心，逻辑递进清楚。
Lexical Resource：是否有主题词、搭配、同义替换，不要空泛重复 good/bad/important。
Grammatical Range and Accuracy：简单句要准确，复杂句要服务逻辑。

Task 2 6.5 分写法：四段式最稳。

开头改写题目并给立场；主体段 1 一个原因加例子；主体段 2 另一个原因加例子或让步；结尾总结立场。

Speaking 四项

Fluency and Coherence：不是语速越快越好，而是能连续表达、少长时间停顿、逻辑清楚。
Lexical Resource：能用具体词，不总说 thing、good、bad、interesting。
Grammatical Range and Accuracy：能自然使用过去、现在、将来、比较、原因、条件。
Pronunciation：发音清楚、重音合理、语调自然，不要求英音或美音。

口语 6.5 分底线：不要背整篇。每个回答都用 Answer + Reason + Example + Contrast。

听力完整技能包

1. 听力审题步骤

先看题号，确认题目顺序。
圈关键词：人名、地点、数字、日期、限制词、名词。
预测词性：名词、动词、形容词、数字、地址、时间。
听转折和更正：but, however, actually, sorry, I mean, no, rather, instead, not this one.
立即写答案，不要在一道题上停留超过 3 秒。

2. 填空题常见答案类型

姓名：Anderson, Clarke, Hughes。注意大小写不影响分数，但拼写必须对。
电话：数字会分组读，double three = 33，zero / oh 都可能表示 0。
日期：15 March / March 15。注意不要把 13 和 30 听混。
地址：Flat 6, 18 Green Street。Street, Road, Avenue, Lane 常考。
费用：deposit, fee, rent, discount, refund, membership charge。
地点：reception, entrance, laboratory, storage room, main hall。
材料：plastic, steel, cotton, glass, recycled paper。
时间：quarter past, half past, ten to six, fortnight, weekday, weekend。

3. 选择题听法

选择题不要只等原词。先看三个选项分别代表什么意思，再听排除。

常见陷阱：

先肯定后否定：That was our original plan, but we changed it.
A 被提到但不是答案：The price is low, but the quality is unreliable.
两个选项都对，但题目问 main reason / first step / final decision。
说话人态度题要听评价词：practical, unrealistic, disappointing, worth trying。

4. 地图题听法

地图题先定方向：entrance, north, south, left, right, opposite, next to, behind, between, at the end of, in the corner.

听路线时不要翻译成中文，脑中直接移动。

常见表达：

Go past the cafe and the room is on your left.
It is opposite the information desk.
The workshop is between the lift and the small garden.
The storage area is at the far end of the corridor.

5. 听力高频同义替换

book = reserve
cancel = call off
postpone = put off
reduce = cut down
increase = rise / grow
repair = fix
check = inspect
collect = pick up
free = without charge
available = open / ready / can be used
required = necessary / compulsory
optional = not required
close to = near / within walking distance
expensive = costly
suitable = appropriate
problem = issue / difficulty
help = support / assistance
start = begin / launch
finish = complete
choose = select

听力原创完整训练：录音稿、题目、答案解析

Listening Practice 1｜预约健康检查

录音稿：

Receptionist: Good morning, City Health Screening Centre. How can I help?

Patient: Hello, I'd like to book a routine health check. My company asked us to complete it before the end of July.

Receptionist: Certainly. Can I have your full name?

Patient: It's Daniel Cooper. Cooper is C-O-O-P-E-R.

Receptionist: Thank you. And your date of birth?

Patient: The 14th of September, 1992.

Receptionist: We have two types of appointment. The standard check is 85 pounds, and the extended check, which includes a vitamin D test, is 120 pounds.

Patient: I think the extended one sounds better. Is there anything available next Tuesday morning?

Receptionist: Tuesday is fully booked. We can do Wednesday at 9:30 or Friday at 11:15.

Patient: Wednesday at 9:30 is fine.

Receptionist: Please arrive 15 minutes early and bring your passport. Also, do not eat anything for eight hours before the test. Water is fine.

Patient: Got it. Where exactly is the centre?

Receptionist: We're on the second floor of the Riverside Medical Building, opposite the pharmacy. Use the main entrance, then take the lift on your right.

题目：

Name: Daniel ______
Date of birth: 14 ______ 1992
Type of check: ______ check
Appointment time: Wednesday at ______
Bring: ______
Do not eat for ______ hours before the test
Centre location: second floor of Riverside ______ Building
The building is opposite the ______

答案与解析：

Cooper。解析：姓名拼写直接给出 C-O-O-P-E-R。
September。解析：日期题，注意月份。
extended。解析：病人说 extended one sounds better。
9:30。解析：Tuesday full，Wednesday at 9:30 is fine。
passport。解析：bring your passport。
eight / 8。解析：do not eat anything for eight hours。
Medical。解析：Riverside Medical Building。
pharmacy。解析：opposite the pharmacy。

Listening Practice 2｜大学图书馆介绍

录音稿：

Librarian: Welcome to Westbridge University Library. The ground floor is for quick services. You can borrow and return books at the self-service machines near the entrance.

Student: Where can we ask for help with journal articles?

Librarian: Academic support is on the first floor, next to the quiet study room. Please book a 20-minute session online.

Student: Are there group study rooms?

Librarian: Yes, on the second floor. They are popular, so students can reserve them up to one week in advance. Each booking lasts two hours.

Student: What about printing?

Librarian: The printing area used to be behind the cafe, but it has moved to the basement because we needed more space. It is open until 8 p.m.

Student: Can first-year students borrow laptops?

Librarian: Yes, but only for use inside the library. You need your student card, and late return leads to a fine of five pounds per hour.

题目：

Self-service machines are near the ______
Academic support is on the ______ floor
Support sessions last ______ minutes
Group study rooms are on the ______ floor
Rooms can be reserved up to ______ week in advance
Printing area is now in the ______
Printing area closes at ______ p.m.
Laptop late return fine: five pounds per ______

答案与解析：

entrance。解析：near the entrance。
first / 1st。解析：on the first floor。
20。解析：book a 20-minute session。
second / 2nd。解析：on the second floor。
one / 1。解析：up to one week in advance。
basement。解析：has moved to the basement。
8。解析：open until 8 p.m.。
hour。解析：five pounds per hour。

Listening Practice 3｜社区环保项目讨论

录音稿：

Tutor: So, what topic have you chosen for your community project?

Student A: We first wanted to study recycling bins in supermarkets, but the data was hard to access. So now we are focusing on food waste in local cafes.

Student B: We interviewed six cafe managers. Most of them said customers leave food because the portions are too large, not because the food is unpopular.

Tutor: Interesting. What solution are you proposing?

Student A: We considered a discount for smaller meals, but managers worried it would reduce profit. Instead, we suggest a flexible portion system with clear menu labels.

Tutor: How will you evaluate whether it works?

Student B: We plan to measure the weight of waste before and after the change. Customer surveys might be useful too, but they are less reliable because people often report what sounds socially acceptable.

Tutor: Good. Make sure your presentation explains why you changed your original topic.

题目：

Choose the correct answer.

The students changed their topic because

A. supermarkets refused interviews

B. relevant data was difficult to obtain

C. recycling was not an environmental issue

Most cafe managers said food waste was mainly caused by

A. large portions

B. poor food quality

C. high prices

The students finally recommend

A. discounts for small meals

B. clearer menu labels with flexible portions

C. free takeaway boxes for all customers

Customer surveys may be less reliable because people

A. cannot remember prices

B. give socially acceptable answers

C. do not understand food labels

答案与解析：

B。解析：原文 data was hard to access = relevant data was difficult to obtain。
A。解析：too large = large portions。
B。解析：instead 后面才是最终建议。
B。解析：people report what sounds socially acceptable。

Listening Practice 4｜学术讲座：睡眠与记忆

录音稿：

Lecturer: Today we will look at how sleep supports memory. A common misunderstanding is that the brain simply switches off during sleep. In fact, certain regions remain active and reorganise information collected during the day.

One experiment asked participants to learn pairs of unfamiliar words. Half of them slept for eight hours, while the other half stayed awake. The sleeping group remembered more pairs the next morning. However, the result does not mean that sleep alone creates memory. Learning quality before sleep still matters.

Researchers also found that short naps can help, especially when people enter deep sleep. A ten-minute rest may reduce tiredness, but it is usually too short to produce strong memory benefits.

For students, the practical message is clear: do not replace study with sleep, and do not replace sleep with study. The best results come from spacing learning sessions and sleeping regularly.

题目：

Complete the notes. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.

The brain does not simply ______ during sleep.
During sleep, the brain reorganises information from the ______.
Participants learned pairs of unfamiliar ______.
The sleeping group remembered more pairs the next ______.
Sleep alone does not ______ memory.
Short naps help especially when people enter ______ sleep.
A ten-minute rest may reduce ______.
Best results come from spacing learning sessions and sleeping ______.

答案与解析：

switch off。解析：原文 simply switches off。
day。解析：collected during the day。
words。解析：unfamiliar words。
morning。解析：the next morning。
create。解析：does not mean that sleep alone creates memory。
deep。解析：enter deep sleep。
tiredness。解析：reduce tiredness。
regularly。解析：sleeping regularly。

阅读全题型技能包

1. 判断题 True / False / Not Given

True：题目意思与原文一致。

False：题目意思与原文矛盾。

Not Given：原文没有足够信息判断。

判断题三大陷阱：

原文有相关名词，不等于有相关判断。
题目出现 only, always, all, never, most, first, best，要特别小心。
False 需要“矛盾”，Not Given 是“缺信息”。

2. Yes / No / Not Given

考作者观点，不只是事实。问的是 writer's claims 或 views。题目如果把作者观点扩大或偷换，也可能是 No。

3. Matching Headings

先读标题，划出每个标题的核心名词和方向词。再读段落首句、转折句、结尾句。标题必须概括整段，不是只匹配段中某个细节。

4. Matching Information

题目问具体信息在哪一段。不要按顺序做，先做容易定位的专有名词、数字、研究、例子、原因、结果。

5. Matching Features

常见为人物、机构、年份匹配观点或发现。先圈人名，再回原文找对应动词：argue, suggest, find, warn, observe, claim。

6. Summary Completion

先判断词性，再找同义替换。答案必须符合语法。注意题目可能改写原文结构。

7. Multiple Choice

选择题重点不是找完全一样的词，而是找同义替换。错误选项常见：原文提到但方向相反、范围扩大、因果颠倒、细节拼接。

8. Short Answer

答案通常来自原文原词。严格遵守字数限制。多写冠词或形容词可能超字数。

9. 时间分配

Passage 1：15 到 17 分钟。

Passage 2：18 到 20 分钟。

Passage 3：23 到 25 分钟。

最后 2 分钟检查拼写、单复数、题号。

阅读原创完整训练：文章、题目、答案解析

Reading Passage A｜The Quiet Value of Hospital Checklists

文章：

A. In many hospitals, the most powerful safety tool is not a new machine but a well-designed checklist. At first glance, a checklist may appear too simple for a complex medical environment. Yet research teams and hospital managers have found that written prompts can reduce preventable errors, especially when staff work under time pressure.

B. One reason checklists work is that they protect people from memory failure. Doctors and nurses usually know what should be done, but emergencies create noise, interruption and fatigue. A checklist does not replace professional judgement; it creates a shared moment to confirm that essential steps have not been missed.

C. Successful checklists are short. If a form contains fifty items, staff may treat it as paperwork rather than a safety tool. The best examples focus on actions that are easy to forget and dangerous when omitted, such as confirming patient identity, checking allergies and counting surgical instruments.

D. Culture matters as much as design. In some teams, junior staff hesitate to question senior doctors. A checklist can give every team member permission to speak, but only if leaders genuinely invite participation. When nurses are told to read the checklist but ignored when they raise concerns, the system becomes symbolic rather than useful.

E. Digital versions can help, but technology is not a cure. Electronic prompts may collect data and remind staff automatically, yet they can also create alert fatigue. If users receive too many warnings, they may click through them without attention. Hospitals therefore need to review which alerts are truly necessary.

F. The lesson is not that every problem needs a checklist. Instead, checklists work best for repeated processes where a small number of critical steps determine safety. Their value lies in making good practice visible at the exact moment when busy professionals are most likely to skip it.

题目：

Questions 1-5 TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN

Checklists are usually more effective than new medical machines.
Emergencies can make trained staff forget essential actions.
The best checklists include as many items as possible.
Junior staff may find it difficult to challenge senior doctors.
Most hospitals now use only digital checklists.

Questions 6-9 Match each paragraph with the correct heading.

Paragraph B
Paragraph C
Paragraph D
Paragraph E

i. The risk of too many electronic warnings

ii. Why memory support is useful

iii. The importance of team behaviour

iv. Keeping the tool brief

v. A history of surgical errors

答案与解析：

Not Given。解析：原文说最强工具可能不是新机器，但没有比较“通常更有效”。
True。解析：emergencies create noise, interruption and fatigue，对应忘记关键步骤。
False。解析：Successful checklists are short，与 as many as possible 矛盾。
True。解析：junior staff hesitate to question senior doctors。
Not Given。解析：提到 digital versions can help，但没说大多数医院只用数字版。
ii。解析：B 段讲保护人免于 memory failure。
iv。解析：C 段讲 short checklist。
iii。解析：D 段讲文化和团队发声。
i。解析：E 段讲 alert fatigue。

Reading Passage B｜Why Some Office Training Does Not Transfer

文章：

A. Companies spend large sums on training, but employees often return to their desks and behave exactly as before. This gap between learning and workplace behaviour is known as the transfer problem. It does not mean that training is useless; rather, it shows that learning events are only one part of a larger system.

B. A common weakness is that courses are designed around information instead of behaviour. Participants may remember a model or a set of slides, yet they have not practised the difficult moment when the new skill is required. For example, a manager can explain active listening in theory but still interrupt a colleague during a tense meeting.

C. Timing also affects transfer. Training delivered too early may fade before employees need it. Training delivered after a problem has become routine may meet resistance. The most effective programmes are often connected to an immediate task, such as preparing staff for a new software launch or a change in customer policy.

D. Managers play a crucial role after the course. If supervisors do not ask about the training, create opportunities to apply it or recognise early attempts, employees quickly infer that the new behaviour is optional. By contrast, even a short follow-up conversation can signal that the organisation expects change.

E. Peer support can be equally powerful. In one company, sales staff who completed negotiation training were placed in pairs for three weeks. They observed each other's calls and exchanged specific feedback. The arrangement was inexpensive, but it increased the use of new techniques because employees felt accountable to someone close to their daily work.

F. Finally, training should be measured by behaviour, not satisfaction alone. A happy participant may still fail to apply a skill. Useful evaluation asks what people do differently, how often they do it and whether the change improves business outcomes.

题目：

Questions 1-4 Choose the correct letter A, B or C.

The transfer problem refers to

A. employees leaving after training

B. learning not becoming workplace behaviour

C. courses being too expensive

According to paragraph B, training often fails because

A. it focuses on information more than practice

B. employees dislike theory

C. managers interrupt the trainer

Training is most useful when it is connected to

A. a distant promotion

B. an immediate work task

C. a longer holiday

Satisfaction surveys may be weak because

A. they are difficult to design

B. they do not prove behaviour change

C. employees always lie

Questions 5-8 Complete the summary. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.

Managers should create chances for employees to use new skills and recognise early ______. Peer support can make employees feel ______ to someone near their daily work. Training evaluation should focus on behaviour and business ______, not only whether participants feel ______.

答案与解析：

B。解析：gap between learning and workplace behaviour。
A。解析：designed around information instead of behaviour。
B。解析：connected to an immediate task。
B。解析：happy participant may still fail to apply a skill。
attempts。解析：recognise early attempts。
accountable。解析：felt accountable。
outcomes。解析：business outcomes。
happy。解析：whether participants feel happy。

Reading Passage C｜Urban Heat and Small Design Choices

文章：

A. As cities grow warmer, public discussion often focuses on dramatic projects such as large parks or new waterfronts. These projects can help, but urban heat is also shaped by smaller design choices repeated across thousands of streets, roofs and courtyards.

B. Dark surfaces absorb more solar energy than light surfaces. This is why a black car becomes hotter than a white car on the same summer afternoon. In cities, dark roofs and asphalt roads can store heat during the day and release it slowly at night, keeping neighbourhoods warm after sunset.

C. Trees reduce heat in several ways. Their shade blocks direct sunlight, and their leaves cool the air as water evaporates. However, tree planting must be planned carefully. A narrow street with poor air movement may need a different planting pattern from a wide avenue. Roots, underground pipes and long-term maintenance also matter.

D. Water features are sometimes promoted as cooling solutions. They can improve comfort in dry climates, but in humid places the effect may be limited. Designers therefore need to consider local climate rather than copying attractive images from other cities.

E. Building materials are another part of the solution. Permeable paving allows water to pass through and can reduce surface temperature after rain. Reflective roofing can lower indoor cooling demand, especially in low-rise buildings. Neither measure is perfect, but together they can reduce heat exposure for residents.

F. The social dimension is important. Wealthier areas often have more trees, better-maintained buildings and cooler streets. Poorer districts may have more exposed asphalt and fewer shaded public spaces. Heat policy is therefore also a question of fairness, not just engineering.

题目：

Questions 1-6 Match the information with the correct paragraph A-F.

A comparison used to explain heat absorption
The need to adapt tree planting to street conditions
A warning against copying designs from elsewhere
Two building-related methods for reducing heat
A link between heat and social inequality
The idea that small repeated choices matter

Questions 7-10 TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN

Large parks are useless for reducing urban heat.
Dark roads may release stored heat at night.
Water features work best in humid climates.
Reflective roofing may reduce demand for indoor cooling.

答案与解析：

B。解析：black car / white car comparison。
C。解析：narrow street 与 wide avenue 需要不同 pattern。
D。解析：rather than copying attractive images from other cities。
E。解析：permeable paving and reflective roofing。
F。解析：wealthier vs poorer areas。
A。解析：smaller design choices repeated across streets。
False。解析：原文说 large parks can help。
True。解析：release it slowly at night。
False。解析：humid places the effect may be limited。
True。解析：lower indoor cooling demand。

Writing Task 1 全题型资料

Task 1 必备表达

改写题目：

The chart compares ...
The table illustrates ...
The diagram shows how ...
The map presents changes in ...

Overview：

Overall, the most noticeable feature is that ...
Overall, X remained the largest category, while Y experienced the sharpest increase.
Overall, the process consists of three main stages: collection, treatment and distribution.
Overall, the area became more commercial and less residential.

趋势：

rise / increase / grow / climb
fall / decline / drop / decrease
fluctuate / remain stable / level off
reach a peak / hit a low point
double / triple / halve

比较：

X was higher than Y.
X was twice as high as Y.
X accounted for the largest proportion.
The gap between X and Y widened.
A similar pattern can be seen in ...

Line Graph 范文

题目：The line graph shows the percentage of adults using online medical services in three countries from 2015 to 2025.

范文：

The line graph compares the proportion of adults who used online medical services in three countries between 2015 and 2025.

Overall, online medical service use increased in all three countries. Country A remained the leader throughout the period, while Country C showed the fastest growth from a low starting point.

In Country A, the figure rose steadily from 28% in 2015 to 46% in 2020, before reaching 62% in 2025. Country B followed a similar but slower trend, increasing from 20% to 35% and then to 49% over the same period.

Country C began at only 8% in 2015, but its figure more than tripled to 27% by 2020. It then climbed further to 44% in 2025, narrowing the gap with Country B to just five percentage points.

解析：这篇没有逐个年份机械列数据，而是抓“全部上升、A 最高、C 增长最快”三个核心特征。

Bar Chart 范文

题目：The bar chart compares reasons why employees left their jobs in 2026.

范文：

The bar chart compares four reasons for leaving a job among employees in 2026.

Overall, lack of career development was the most common reason, whereas location was the least frequently mentioned factor. Pay and work-life balance were also important, but they were less dominant than career concerns.

Career development accounted for 38% of responses, making it the largest category. Pay was the second most common reason at 27%, which was 11 percentage points lower.

Work-life balance represented 24% of responses, only slightly below pay. By contrast, location was chosen by just 11% of employees, suggesting that practical commuting issues were less influential than long-term professional needs.

解析：柱状图要比较大小和差距，不能只写 A 是多少、B 是多少。

Pie Chart 范文

题目：The pie charts show how a hospital spent its annual budget in 2016 and 2026.

范文：

The pie charts illustrate changes in the distribution of a hospital's annual budget between 2016 and 2026.

Overall, staff salaries remained the largest area of spending in both years. However, the share for digital systems increased noticeably, while spending on building maintenance became less significant.

In 2016, salaries made up 52% of the budget, compared with 18% for equipment, 15% for maintenance, 10% for digital systems and 5% for training. By 2026, the proportion spent on salaries had fallen slightly to 48%, though it was still the biggest category.

The most striking change was in digital systems, which rose from 10% to 22%. Equipment also increased modestly to 20%. In contrast, maintenance dropped to 6%, and training remained relatively small at 4%.

解析：饼图常写“最大项保持不变”和“变化最大项”。

Process Diagram 范文

题目：The diagram shows how used plastic bottles are recycled into new packaging.

范文：

The diagram illustrates the process by which used plastic bottles are recycled and made into new packaging.

Overall, the process is linear and consists of six main stages, beginning with collection and ending with the production of new packaging materials.

First, used bottles are collected from recycling bins and transported to a sorting facility. There, unsuitable materials are removed, while recyclable bottles are compressed into large blocks. These blocks are then sent to a processing plant.

At the plant, the bottles are washed and cut into small flakes. After that, the flakes are melted and formed into plastic pellets. In the final stage, the pellets are manufactured into new packaging, which can be used by companies again.

解析：流程图不用数据，重点是顺序词、被动语态和总阶段数。

Map 范文

题目：The maps show changes to a town centre between 2010 and 2026.

范文：

The maps compare the layout of a town centre in 2010 and 2026.

Overall, the town centre became more pedestrian-friendly and commercial. The car park was reduced in size, while new leisure and retail facilities were added.

In 2010, a large car park occupied the western side of the centre, with a small library to its north. By 2026, part of this car park had been replaced by a public square, and the library had been expanded into a community learning centre.

On the eastern side, several old offices were removed and replaced by shops and cafes. A cycle lane was also built around the central square. The bus stop remained in the south, but it was connected to the square by a wider footpath.

解析：地图题要写方向、保留、替换、扩大、减少。

Writing Task 2 高分资料

五类题型模板

Agree or disagree

开头：It is argued that ... I largely agree/disagree because ...

主体 1：第一个理由。

主体 2：第二个理由，或承认反方但说明不足。

结尾：重申立场。

Discuss both views and give your opinion

开头：People have different views about whether ...

主体 1：一方观点合理之处。

主体 2：另一方观点以及自己的立场。

结尾：总结并给观点。

Advantages and disadvantages

开头：This trend has both benefits and drawbacks.

主体 1：优势。

主体 2：劣势，以及是否更大。

结尾：平衡总结。

Causes and solutions

开头：This problem is caused by several factors, but practical measures can be taken.

主体 1：原因。

主体 2：解决方案。

结尾：总结。

Positive or negative development

开头：I believe this is mainly positive/negative.

主体 1：积极或消极原因 1。

主体 2：积极或消极原因 2，或让步。

结尾：总结。

Task 2 范文 1｜教育

题目：Some people think schools should focus more on practical skills than academic subjects. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

范文：

Many people argue that schools should give more attention to practical skills rather than traditional academic subjects. I partly agree with this view, because practical ability is important for adult life, but academic learning still provides the foundation for long-term development.

Practical skills can make education more useful and motivating. For example, students who learn how to manage money, communicate at work or use basic digital tools are better prepared for real situations after graduation. Such lessons can also benefit students who do not plan to enter university immediately, as they may need to find employment or manage independent lives.

However, schools should not reduce academic subjects too much. Mathematics, science, history and literature help students develop reasoning, cultural understanding and the ability to learn new information. These abilities are not always directly practical, but they make it easier for people to adapt when jobs and technology change. A student who only learns today's workplace skills may struggle if those skills become outdated.

In my view, the best approach is to combine both types of learning. Schools should keep strong academic courses while adding practical modules that connect knowledge with real life. This balance would produce students who are both employable and intellectually flexible.

解析：这篇是“部分同意”，主体段分别写 practical skills 和 academic subjects，立场平衡且清楚。

Task 2 范文 2｜科技

题目：Artificial intelligence is increasingly used in workplaces. Is this a positive or negative development?

范文：

Artificial intelligence is now used in many workplaces, from customer service to medical administration. I believe this is mainly a positive development, provided that companies manage the human impact responsibly.

The main benefit is that AI can complete repetitive tasks quickly and accurately. For instance, software can sort documents, identify simple errors and answer routine questions, allowing employees to spend more time on complex work that requires judgement and empathy. In industries such as healthcare, this can reduce administrative pressure and give professionals more time to support patients.

Another advantage is that AI can help organisations make better decisions. By analysing large amounts of data, it may reveal patterns that humans would miss. However, this does not mean that AI should replace human responsibility. If companies use automated systems without transparency, workers and customers may be treated unfairly by decisions they cannot challenge.

Overall, AI is a positive development when it is used as a tool rather than a substitute for human judgement. Governments and employers should therefore ensure that workers receive training and that important decisions remain accountable.

解析：positive/negative 题要有明确倾向，同时承认风险，避免绝对化。

Task 2 范文 3｜健康

题目：Some people believe governments should make unhealthy food more expensive. Others think education is a better solution. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

范文：

There is debate about whether governments should raise the price of unhealthy food or focus on education. Both methods can influence public health, but I believe education should be the main strategy, supported by limited price measures.

Making unhealthy food more expensive may reduce consumption, especially among people who buy it frequently. A higher price can discourage impulsive purchases of sugary drinks or heavily processed snacks. The extra tax revenue could also be used to fund sports facilities or health campaigns.

However, education is more sustainable because it changes understanding rather than simply changing prices. If people know how diet affects energy, weight and long-term disease risk, they are more likely to make healthier choices in different situations. Education is also less likely to unfairly punish low-income families, who may already struggle with food costs.

In my opinion, governments should teach nutrition clearly in schools and public campaigns, while using taxes only for products with clear health risks. A combination of knowledge and careful regulation would be fairer and more effective than relying on price alone.

解析：discuss both views 题必须两边都写，最后 opinion 明确。

Task 2 范文 4｜环境

题目：Many people know environmental problems are serious, but they do not change their daily habits. What are the causes and what solutions can be used?

范文：

Although many people understand that environmental problems are serious, their daily behaviour often changes very little. This is mainly because green choices can be inconvenient and because individuals doubt whether their actions matter.

One reason is that environmentally friendly options are not always easy to choose. For example, public transport may be slow, recycling rules may be confusing, and sustainable products may cost more than ordinary ones. Even people with good intentions may return to old habits when the greener option requires extra time or money.

Another cause is a sense of powerlessness. Climate change and pollution are large problems, so individuals may feel that their personal behaviour is too small to make a difference. This belief reduces motivation, especially when they see companies or governments failing to act.

To address this, governments should make sustainable behaviour convenient and visible. Reliable public transport, clear recycling systems and subsidies for energy-efficient products can reduce the effort required. Schools and media campaigns should also show how individual choices combine with wider policy to create real change.

In conclusion, people often fail to change because green behaviour feels difficult and ineffective. Practical infrastructure and better public communication can make environmental habits easier to maintain.

解析：causes/solutions 题要原因对解决方案，不要只喊口号。

Task 2 原创题库与审题思路

题 1｜Education

Some people think exams are the best way to measure student ability. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

审题思路：position: partly disagree; reasons: exams test memory under pressure, but projects measure research and communication.